As for the pdf you mentioned "Reaction Mechanism In Organic Chemistry By Mukul C Ray Pdf 234", I couldn't find any specific information on this pdf. However, there are many online resources and textbooks available that cover reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry, such as "Organic Chemistry" by Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, and Stuart Warren, and "Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry" by Mukul C. Ray.
Explaining how the spatial arrangement of atoms dictates the product.
Is it a carbocation, carbanion, free radical, or nitrene? Understanding the stability of the intermediate is 90% of the battle.