Zavala argues that various institutions—from news outlets to pop culture—have uncritically adopted official terminology like "plazas," "capos," and "turf wars". He critiques how "narconovelas" and series like Narcos or The Queen of the South further cement these myths, creating a "phantom crime ideology" that obscures political realities. By framing the problem as a war against external monsters, the state successfully depoliticizes its own violence and strategic failures. Geopolitical Interests and Control

The Phantom

"Los Carteles No Existen" (which translates to "The Cartels Do Not Exist") is a book that delves into the reality of drug trafficking and organized crime in Mexico. Oswaldo Zavala's work is known for its critical and nuanced perspective on the narcotics trade and its impact on Mexican society and politics.

Because the book is often hard to find in physical bookstores outside of major cities like Mexico City or New York, the digital search for a has skyrocketed.

Furthermore, Zavala's thesis highlights the need for a more nuanced and multifaceted approach to addressing organized crime, one that takes into account the complex social and economic factors that drive individuals to engage in these activities. This might involve addressing poverty and inequality, providing economic opportunities, and strengthening institutions such as the police and the justice system.